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TIME: Almanac 1993
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TIME Almanac 1993.iso
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1992-08-28
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LIVING, Page 100Time for the Teeny Tinies?
Microcars are taking the hassle out of French city driving
By EDWARD M. GOMEZ/PARIS
Small cars are nothing new. But how about one so tiny you
can park it perpendicular to the curb, even in a
parallel-parking zone? Try to imagine a car so simple that a
14-year-old may drive it without a permit, that requires no
license plates because it need not be registered, that can be
insured at less than a quarter of the rate for regular
automobiles, and that is durable and so efficient it can travel
60 miles on one-half to three-quarters of a gallon of diesel
fuel.
Voila, the microcar. For about a decade, this urban
motorist's dream has been available to thousands of car owners
in rural France. In the late 1970s, another era of spiraling
oil costs and Middle East tension, a handful of automakers
developed midget voitures sans permis (no-license cars) to meet
the needs of older consumers in a countryside poorly served by
public transportation. Now, as metropolitan streets clog with
traffic, savvy businessmen, fashion models and young
professionals have seized upon the VSP as a practical,
low-hassle alternative to conventional cars for darting around
France's major cities.
In a sure sign of trendiness, the mini autos are turning up
in advertisements for yuppie-conscious institutions like the
Banque Nationale de Paris. About half a dozen firms in the
Paris region rent the vehicles for roughly $75 to $85 a day,
unlimited mileage included.
Weighing in at no more than 770 lbs. and usually measuring
4.6 ft. wide by 8.2 ft. long, a VSP can carry two passengers
and reach a speed of just under 30 m.p.h. "VSP design and
marketing are a direct result of French laws that define a
category of vehicles for which no driver's license is
required," says Philippe de la Jousseliniere, head of City Car,
a Paris-based dealership. Like motorbikes, VSPs are barred from
French highways and expressway bypasses. "On paper, VSP specs
are those of a motorbike," says Christian Malet, whose Liberty
Car service in Paris rents out Marden S.A.'s Alize model. "But
on the road, make no mistake about it, it's a car."
Well, sort of. The VSP is a cozy, even comfortable box on
wheels with few frills but normal options like a radio and rear
windshield wipers. Generally made of sturdy molded plastic, the
body is reinforced by a steel tube frame. The upholstered
interior typically features only a few elements, including a
dashboard with speedometer, fuel gauge and controls. Adjustable
seats and interior heating are still standard. The engines are
1 to 5 h.p., made in Italy or Japan, and have only one forward
gear and one reverse. "The technology is pretty simple," says
Patrick Escalier, Paris regional director for Marden, "but what
more do you need for city driving?"
With the gulf crisis adding to anxiety over gasoline prices,
the little cars may become more attractive than ever. This year
a dozen French VSP manufacturers expect to sell as many as
15,000 of them. Martial Howa of Aixam Automobiles, a
manufacturer in the southeastern French town of Aix-les-Bains,
estimates that the market will grow 40% in the next two years.
"Soon it will not be mostly a French phenomenon," he says.
"Already we're exporting 15% of the 5,000 units we produce each
year to Germany, Belgium, Switzerland and Greece."
Like Aixam, Societe Jeanneau, maker of the VSP known as
Microcar, sells its vehicles to Switzerland without engines:
Swiss law requires the installation of electric motors in such
vehicles even though the motors' design is still primitive. At
the moment there are no plans to export the cars to the U.S.
VSP users admit that because of their noisy diesel engines,
the tiny cars can be painful to the ears. Quieter and better
electric motors would solve that problem, but so far, no
practical, inexpensive power supply for such engines has been
invented. In a bid to reduce exhaust pollution and lessen oil
dependency, the French government has set up a committee to
encourage further development of electric cars.
Another VSP disadvantage is the price tag. A typical
microcar starts at around $10,500 without options. Still, Paris
businessman Francois-Regis Correard, who owns three VSPs, says
they're worth every franc: "Getting around is easy, maintenance
is cheap, and you don't get parking tickets." In short, a tidy
idea whose time has come.